Danger score versus ER volume
Danger score versus ER volume
According to CPSC NEISS 2005-2024, Fire Or Smoke Alarms ranks #173 of 838 by danger score (40/100) at ER-volume #466 of 838 (1,555/yr). They are not the same ranking.
- #173
- danger rank of 838
- #466
- ER-volume rank of 838
- 40/100
- danger score
- 1,555/yr
- estimated ER visits (avg)
Danger score combines injury volume, hospitalization, fatality, and five-year trend. ER volume is the average annual NEISS estimate alone. Rank 1 is highest on each list.
Where this category's danger score sits nationally
Danger score (40/100) across 838 scored CPSC product categories
40 Higher than most more dangerous than 75% of 838 product categories
scored CPSC product categories, bucketed by value
Each bar is a band; taller bars hold more product categories. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count and share, and where it sits relative to this entry.
Source CPSC NEISS, PlainSafety danger-score model · 2024
Composite verdict
Composite Safety Score: 73/100
One verdict blending 4 independently-sourced dimensions from two separate CPSC systems, each benchmarked against all 838 scored product categories by percentile rather than raw value, so no single huge-volume category can dominate the scale.
| Dimension | Value | National percentile | Weight applied | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injury severity (hospitalization + fatality blend) | 11 | 79th | 35% | CPSC NEISS 20-year severity index |
| Annual ER injury volume | 1,555 | 41st | 30% | CPSC NEISS estimated annual ER-treated injuries |
| 5-year injury trend | +38% | 90th | 15% | CPSC NEISS 5-year % change in ER-treated injuries |
| Consumer incident reports | 260 | 96th | 20% | CPSC SaferProducts.gov public incident report count |
Methodology: each dimension is ranked against the full population's p10/p25/p50/p75/p90 breakpoints and interpolated to a 0-100 percentile; the composite is the weighted average of available percentiles. See methodology for the full benchmark table.
Where 31,085 estimated ER injuries land on the body
Body-part shares from the same CPSC NEISS injury_types extract for product code 702. Segments sum to 31,085 - a body-map mix, not a danger score or ER-volume rank.
Two danger lenses
Same-group peer scores and this product's dial
The bars compare PlainSafety danger scores inside the Home Heating & Cooling Equipment group (same CPSC NEISS extract). The dial is this product's score alone on the Low/Moderate/High bands. Do not read a peer bar as an ER-visit count.
Home Heating & Cooling Equipment danger scores
How this 40/100 score is built
The score is computed from four CPSC-derived factors for fire or smoke alarms - no opinion, no editorializing:
- Injury volume 1,555 ER visits/yr Below median volume
- Severity (hospitalization rate) 11.2% High admission rate
- Fatality rate 0.00% No recorded fatalities
- 5-year trend+38%
Band labels compare this category against the corpus of 838 scored CPSC product categories, see the full methodology for the exact weighting of each factor.
What the CPSC Data Shows
Across the 20-year NEISS window from 2005 to 2024, injury counts for fire or smoke alarms are rising by about 38% over the last five years, with the busiest year on record being 2024 (3,261 estimated ER visits) and the quietest 2010 (614 estimated visits). The single most common ER diagnosis is anoxia to the all parts body, accounting for approximately 6,234 visits across the 20-year NEISS window, followed by internal injury to the head (2,497 cases). The 75+ age group absorbs the largest share of injuries, about 5,802 cases over the NEISS window, and females appear slightly more often than the opposite sex in that cohort. Severity outcomes from the NEISS disposition field show that 11.2% of ER visits involving this product end in hospital admission or transfer.
Beyond the hospital-sampled NEISS projections, this page also aggregates 260 consumer incident reports filed directly on SaferProducts.gov, plus 20 anonymized ER narratives - together forming a layered picture of how fire or smoke alarms fail in real households. Every figure on this page comes from CPSC-published data: NEISS projects national estimates from a probability sample of about 100 U.S. hospital emergency departments, while SaferProducts.gov collects voluntary reports from consumers, manufacturers, and clinicians. The danger score, trend indicators, and demographic breakdowns update automatically when CPSC releases a new yearly NEISS file, which is why this page is dated 2024-12-31. For regulatory context, consult CPSC recall notices and the SaferProducts.gov public database linked below.
Annual Injury Estimates (2005–2024)
Source: CPSC NEISS national estimates Injuries represent ER-treated cases only
Who Gets Injured?
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-4 | 551 | 247 | |
| 5-14 | 1,580 | 678 | |
| 15-24 | 1,608 | 1,540 | |
| 25-34 | 1,789 | 2,474 | |
| 35-44 | 1,198 | 958 | |
| 45-54 | 1,438 | 2,492 | |
| 55-64 | 2,462 | 2,160 | |
| 65-74 | 1,988 | 2,133 | |
| 75+ | 2,226 | 3,576 |
Most Common Injuries
| Body Part | Diagnosis | Est. Injuries |
|---|---|---|
| All Parts Body | Anoxia | |
| Head | Internal Injury | |
| Face | Laceration | |
| Head | Laceration | |
| Lower Trunk | Fracture | |
| Upper Trunk | Fracture | |
| Not Stated/unk | Other | |
| Upper Trunk | Other | |
| Head | Concussion | |
| All Parts Body | Poisoning | |
| Upper Trunk | Contusions, Abr. | |
| Lower Trunk | Contusions, Abr. | |
| Foot | Fracture | |
| Ankle | Fracture | |
| Shoulder | Other |
Severity Breakdown
ER Visit Narratives
Real anonymized emergency room reports from the CPSC NEISS database.
47 YOF C/O SMOKE INHALATION, WOKE UP TO SMOKE ALARM, PT WAS IN AND OUT OF HOUSE TO REMOVE CHILDREN AND ANIMALS DX MILD SMOKE INHALATION FROM HOUSE FIRE
8 YOF C/O SMOKE INHALATION FROM UPSTAIRS HOUSE FIRE, PT WAS DOWNSTAIRS ABLE TO EVACUATE AFTER FIRE ALARM WENT OFF DX MILD SMOKE INHALATION FROM HOUSE FIRE
13 YOM WAS FRYING POTATOES AND SMOKE ALARM WENT OFF, CAUSING HIM TO THROW THE PAN OF HOT OIL AND CAUSING OIL TO BURN HIS RIGHT HAND. +FD. DX: BURN HAND THIRD DEGREE RIGHT.
79YOF P/W SMOKE INHALLATION, PT STATES SHE HEARD THE FIRE ALARM GO OFF AND WALKED DOWNSTAIRS TO FIND THERE WAS SMOKE ON THE FIRST FLOOR, C/O SHORTNESS OF BREATH AND CHEST PAIN, NO FIRE DEPARTMENT, DX:SMOKE INHALATION
50 YOF WAS FOUND IN HER LOW-INCOME HOUSING UNIT WITH THE SMOKE ALARM GOING OFF AND ITEMS BURNING IN THE KITCHEN. FD NS. DX: AGITATION, OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDER.
11YOM WAS INVOLVED IN AN APARTMENT FIRE LAST NIGHT. THEIR NEIGHBORS ALARM WOKE THEM UP. HE AND HIS FAMILY SUSTAINED SMOKE INHALATION. REPORTS MILD LEFT FOOT PAIN WHERE HE STRUCK IT ON SOMETHING. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT DID ATTEND. DX: SMOKE INHALATION
12YOM PRESENTS WITH MOM WHO STATES HE WAS INVOLVED IN A HOUSE FIRE LAST NIGHT. THEIR APARTMENT BUILDING CAUGHT FIRE. THE NEIGHBORS ALARM WOKE HIM UP. HE AND HIS FAMILY SUSTAINED SMOKE INHALATION. HE REPORTS MILD LEFT FOOT PAIN FROM WHERE HE STRUCK IT ON SOMETHING. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT ATTENDED. DX: SMOKE INHALATION
57YOM PRESENTS AFTER A SYNCOPAL EPISODE. HE WAS SLEEPING AND THE SMOKE ALARM STARTED GOING OFF IN HIS HOUSE. HE GOT UP TO REMOVE IT FROM THE CEILING. HE STARTED TO BANG IT AGAINST THE WALL AND THEN HE WOKE UP ON THE GROUND. DX: ABRASION OF SCALP
52 YOF WAS IN HER APARTMENT WHEN THE APARTMENT ABOVE HER CAUGHT ON FIRE AND SHE WOKE UP TO FIRE ALARMS. PT ENDORSES SMOKE INHALATION WHILE TRYING TO LEAVE THE APARTMENT. +FD. DX: SMOKE INHALATION, SORE THROAT
16YOM PATIENT WITH HISTORY OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER WHO PRESENTS TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT AFTER HEAD INJURY. MOM STATES THAT AT APPROXIMATELY 1130 THIS MORNING, THE PATIENT BECAME AGITATED AFTER THE FIRE ALARM WENT OFF AT HIS SCHOOL, LEADING TO HIM HEADBUTTING A STAFF MEMBER WITH HIS FOREHEAD. DX: HEAD INJURY
59 YOF REPORTS FIRE ALARM WAS TRIGGERED, SHE STARTED RUNNING AND FELL. IT WAS A FALSE ALARM. DX: INJURY OF LEFT SHOULDER.
83YOM BIBEMS S/P FIRE-SMOKE INHALATION EARLIER THIS EVENING. PER EMS, PT'S FAMILY NOTICED THAT BUILDING FIRE-ALARM WENT OFF SO THEY WENT INTO HALLWAY AND NOTICED WHITE SMOKE IN THE HALLWAY. PT AND FAMILY THEN PROCEEDED TO GO TO FURTHEST ROOM FROM HALLWAY AND WAITED THERE FOR A FEW MINUTES UNTIL FIREFIGHTERS ARRIVED AND TOLD THEM IT WAS CLEAR TO LEAVE THEIR APT. DX: EXPOSURE TO SMOKE FIRE AND FLAME
Consumer Incident Reports
Reports filed by consumers on SaferProducts.gov.
Had a pack of 6 First Alert smoke detector professionally installed in our home after we purchased it to update and they have been in now about 8 months. They all went off one day and we didnt know why and smelt a strong electrical smell and had to call the fire department they couldnt tell where to smell was coming from or find heat with heat gun. We have had the strong electrical smell in our home and different smoke detectors going off at different times finally started pulling down the smoke detectors and they are all burnt up and could have caught our home on fire if we didnt find this.
I think it is extremely important that a nation wide warning or alert be issued regarding the replacement of older model smoke alarms that may tie into a sprinkler flow switch (on any home that is equipped with a sprinkler system). Many of these types of alarms switched 120 VAC household current onto the interconnect wire. Modern smoke alarms utilize a 9 volt transistor battery as a backup. This is not a problem for new construction, but anyone contemplating a replacement of an older style smoke alarm should confirm the manufacturer type or model number. One very popular smoke alarm (that is no longer being sold or manufactured) was the Firex 428C. In fact this device was the unit of choice for anyone with a sprinkler system up to three (3) years ago. If you were to replace this unit with a modern [REDACTED] smoke alarm (as an example), wired it up in accordance with the instructions, and the flow switch tripped you would destroy all the interconnected detectors in the home and may even cause a fire. It may also be prudent to issue a warning about ensuring any alarms you do replace are compatible with each other and from the same manufacturer.
We had seven Kidde talking smoke/carbon monoxide detectors (KN-COSM-IB) in our home (manufactured in November 2010), and none of the smoke detectors work. We had a small fire in the kitchen, and none of the detectors triggered or sounded the alarm. It seems that they were/are not working, but we have fresh batteries in them, and when you press the test/reset they beep. But they don't seem to detect smoke or carbon monoxide, and don't seem to work/function properly. We took them back to Home Depot (in Homers Glen) and then took them to Menards (in Homer Glen, IL) and they would not take them back or exchange them (under the recall). We're extremely unhappy that Kidde made smoke/carbon monoxide detectors that don't function or work properly, and the vendors have failed to replace/exchange them.
First Alert brand, Model No P1210, Single Station, Photoelectric, 10 Year Lithium Battery, Smoke Alarm Smoke alarms fail before 10 year life. False alarm sounds. I bought 10 of these items (five 2-packs) from Costco in Mountain View, CA in July-August 2014. I installed the smoke alarms on 8/2/2014. 6 of the 10 smoke alarms have failed as of 9/8/2015.
I had purchased a First Alert 120V AC hardwired smoke & fire alarm (model 9120B) earlier this year. I selected this model because it has a battery backup with an [REDACTED] 9V battery included. The battery was in its swing-out battery compartment. In the User's Manual, it did not instruct how to properly install in the battery. There were no markings on the alarm itself for where the battery's positive terminal should be place. So, I left the battery in the same place in its swing-out battery compartment as it was when I purchased this alarm. I pushed the door closed. Then, I noticed an opening under the swing-out battery compartment where I can see the battery's terminals. They were touching only plastic. I opened the swing-out battery compartment, and noticed that part of the compartment covers one of the battery's terminals. The battery is useless. It does not connect to anything electrical. There are no instructions in the User's Manual on how to install the battery, nor markings on the alarm itself on how to install the battery. Having the battery in the alarm is false security, and in case the hardwiring fails, the alarm will not have any electricity because the battery won't be installed properly. People depending on the battery backup could possibly die in the event of a fire.
As we came home on Saturday evening we heard the fire alarms go off. After several types of attempts at silencing them, they shut off, except one. It chirped every 30s the rest of the night. It was finally disconnected Sunday morning with the help of a neighbor. Our poor cat was certainly in terror over this ordeal. Why didn't Kidde notify the builder that there was a problem with the product. I have heard two other homes in the community with the alarms sounding.
Kidde 10 year smoke alarm Model P3010L is only 1 year old and is going off randomly when there is no smoke. I blew air into it as advised from the manufacturer and this made no difference. It is a fire hazard because it has to be removed in order to sleep.
Note: As the CPSC is aware from my previous complaints on this issue, I am a Deputy Chief on the Boston Fire Dept. I have contacted the St. Charles Fire Dept. and will send them a copy of this complaint. However, since I am not a member of the local fire dept. I am forwarding this as a civilian. There were 4 victims in this fire: [REDACTED] (F-30), [REDACTED] (M-27), [REDACTED] (M-8), & [REDACTED] (F-2). In this fire (see news report below) the victims were trapped by a fire that apparently started near the kitchen. It is likely that this fire produced copious amounts of smoke into the living areas and egress paths before it was heavily flaming. There were multiple smoke alarms, all ionization, installed in this house. Here their locations. Living Room (Ion alarm - melted on floor, in debris manufacturer unknown interestingly this was found by insurance investigator similar to complaint I filed with CPSC from Rotterdam NY)) Common Stairwell (Ion alarm - melted on floor, in debris manufacturer unknown) Basement (Ion alarm non operational) Garage (Ion alarm First Alert, no battery which would be expected of an alarm located in a garage) Bedrooms 3 and 4 (Ion alarm - Family Gard melted but with batteries) Bedroom 2 (No alarm) Master Bedroom (Kidde 0916 with a battery) In this case all the smoke alarms were ionization. (The CPSC should not be surprised since CPSC estimates that 90% of all alarms are ionization.) In this fire the occupants appear to have been awakened by the smoke alarms. According to the one survivor, [REDACTED], he heard smoke alarms after being awoken by [REDACTED]. It appears that many if not all occupants acted in an altruistic and proper manner but did not have enough time to safely escape. It is highly probable that they did not have enough time because the ionization smoke alarms did not operate in time to provide adequate warning from smoke build-up. The 2 most important alarms were
Showing 8 of 260 reports.
Product Recalls
Search for active and past recalls related to fire or smoke alarms on the CPSC website.
Compare beyond Home Heating & Cooling Equipment
Nationwide peers by danger score, ER volume & hospitalization
Three PlainSafety-derived comparison paths for Fire Or Smoke Alarms: cross-group products nearest on danger score (40/100), estimated annual ER visits (1,555/yr), and hospitalization share (11.2%). Same-group neighbours stay in Related Products above.
Similar danger score
Nearest cross-group products by PlainSafety danger score (100-point scale).
Similar ER visit volume
Nearest cross-group products by NEISS estimated annual ER visits.
Similar hospitalization rate
Nearest cross-group products by % of NEISS ER visits resulting in hospital admission.
- Two-wheeled, Powered, Off-road Vehicles Swimming, Water & Beach Equipment 11.2%admitted
- Hot Water Transportation & Substances 11.2%admitted
- All Terrain Vehicles (four Wheels/off Road Only) Sports Protective Equipment & Gear 11.3%admitted
- Telephones Or Telephone Accessories Home Structures & Construction Materials 11.3%admitted
Related Products in Home Heating & Cooling Equipment
Read with this product
About this data
CPSC National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) 2005–2024 and SaferProducts.gov consumer incident reports form the basis of this page. Injury estimates are based on a nationally representative probability sample of U.S. hospital emergency departments.
According to PlainSafety's CPSC NEISS corpus ranking, Fire Or Smoke Alarms ranks #173 of 838 scored CPSC product categories by PlainSafety danger score and #466 of 838 by 20-year estimated ER injury volume.
Frequently Asked Questions
Where does fire or smoke alarms rank on danger score versus ER volume?
Among 838 scored CPSC product categories, fire or smoke alarms ranks #173 by PlainSafety danger score (40/100) and #466 by 20-year estimated ER injury volume (1,555/yr). The two rankings come from the same NEISS extract and are not the same order.
What are the most common injuries from fire or smoke alarms?
The most common injury is anoxia to the all parts body, accounting for approximately 6,234 injuries over 20 years.
Are injuries from fire or smoke alarms increasing or decreasing?
Up 38% over 5 years.
Who is most at risk for fire or smoke alarms injuries?
The 75+ age group accounts for the most injuries, with approximately 5,802 cases recorded over 20 years. Females are more frequently injured in this age group.
What happens when someone is injured by fire or smoke alarms?
Of all ER visits involving fire or smoke alarms, approximately 11.2% result in hospital admission. The majority of patients (88.8%) are treated and released from the emergency department.
How can I report a safety problem with fire or smoke alarms?
You can file a consumer incident report at SaferProducts.gov, the official CPSC reporting portal. Reports help the CPSC identify emerging hazards and trigger investigations or recalls. You can also call the CPSC hotline at 1-800-638-2772.
PlainSafety is rendered directly from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission recall and incident records, no number is typed in by an editor. Product recall timelines and hazard labels are drawn from CPSC recall records for this product. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error. Data current as of August 2026.