48
CPSC NEISS Data 2005–2024

Scuba Diving (activity, Apparel Or Equipment)

Twenty years of CPSC NEISS emergency-room records for this consumer product category, combined with demographic breakdowns, multi-year injury trends, and matching recall notices.

Sports & Recreation Equipment · CPSC Code 1275

Down 36% over 5 years

The verdict

Scuba Diving (activity, Apparel Or Equipment) carry a danger score of 48/100 (moderate risk), driven by roughly 1,418 ER-treated injuries a year that are declining by about 36% over the last five years.

48/100
danger score (moderate risk)
1,418
ER visits per year (avg)
16.5%
end in hospital admission
35-44
most-injured age group

Every figure is rendered from the CPSC NEISS record for product code 1275 - last data year 2024.

PlainSafety danger score

0/100100/10048/100
PlainSafety danger score

Source: CPSC NEISS danger-score model As of 2024

How this 48/100 score is built

The score is computed from four CPSC-derived factors for scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) - no opinion, no editorializing:

  • Injury volume1,418 ER visits/yr
  • Severity (hospitalization rate)16.5%
  • Fatality rate1.46%
  • 5-year trend-36%

See the full methodology for the exact weighting of each factor.

What the CPSC Data Shows

Scuba Diving (activity, Apparel Or Equipment) (CPSC product code 1275, in the Sports & Recreation Equipment category) generate an estimated 1,418 emergency-room visits every year in the United States, adding up to roughly 28,354 ER-treated injuries across the 20-year span from 2005 to 2024. PlainSafety derives a danger score of 48/100 for this category (moderate risk), combining raw injury volume, demographic reach, severity of outcome, and multi-year trend. The five-year trajectory shows that injury counts are declining by about 36% over the last five years, with the busiest year on record being 2015 (2,052 estimated ER visits) and the quietest 2011 (587 estimated visits).

The single most common ER diagnosis for scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) is other to the ear, accounting for approximately 6,409 visits across the 20-year NEISS window, followed by other to the all parts body (4,497 cases). The 35-44 age group absorbs the largest share of injuries, about 6,904 cases over the NEISS window, and males appear slightly more often than the opposite sex in that cohort. Severity outcomes from the NEISS disposition field show that 16.5% of ER visits involving this product end in hospital admission or transfer, and a small fraction (1.46%) result in fatality.

Beyond the hospital-sampled NEISS projections, this page also aggregates 43 consumer incident reports filed directly on SaferProducts.gov, plus 20 anonymized ER narratives - together forming a layered picture of how scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) fail in real households. Every figure on this page comes from CPSC-published data: NEISS projects national estimates from a probability sample of about 100 U.S. hospital emergency departments, while SaferProducts.gov collects voluntary reports from consumers, manufacturers, and clinicians. The danger score, trend indicators, and demographic breakdowns update automatically when CPSC releases a new yearly NEISS file, which is why this page is dated 2024-12-31. For regulatory context, consult CPSC recall notices and the SaferProducts.gov public database linked below.

1,418
Injuries / Year
16.5%
Hospitalization Rate
1.46%
Fatality Rate

Annual Injury Estimates (2005–2024)

5001K2K2K3K 20052008201120142017202020232024 1K
Estimated annual emergency-room visits for Scuba Diving (activity, Apparel Or Equipment), CPSC NEISS

Source: CPSC NEISS national injury estimates As of 2024

Source: CPSC NEISS national estimates CPSC NEISS national estimates Injuries represent ER-treated cases only

Who Gets Injured?

Age Group Male Female Total
0-4 206 5 211
5-14 1,028 268 1,296
15-24 3,314 1,368 4,682
25-34 3,948 1,381 5,329
35-44 5,269 1,635 6,904
45-54 3,881 1,222 5,103
55-64 2,362 870 3,232
65-74 775 422 1,197
75+ 397 0 397

Most Common Injuries

Body Part Diagnosis Est. Injuries
Ear Other 6,409
All Parts Body Other 4,497
Upper Trunk Other 2,161
All Parts Body Submersion 1,939
Ear Internal Injury 1,739
Head Other 674
Foot Laceration 506
Lower Trunk Strain, Sprain 452
Face Laceration 349
Eyeball Other 341
Finger Other 313
Lower Leg Laceration 310
Finger Laceration 308
Lower Leg Other 296
Not Stated/unk Other 288

Severity Breakdown

Treated/examined And Released 77.8% (22,054)
Treated And Admitted/hospitalized 14.3% (4,051)
Treated And Transferred 3.6% (1,010)
Left Without Being Seen 2.2% (615)
Fatality Incl. Doa, Died In Er 1.3% (369)
Held For Observation 0.9% (253)

ER Visit Narratives

Real anonymized emergency room reports from the CPSC NEISS database.

Age 46 · Male · Ear · Other · 2024

46YOM WENT SCALLOPING/DIVING AND GOT A LOT OF WATER IN HIS EAR. ENDORSES LEFT EAR DRAINAGE AND DIZZINESS X1 WEEK AND COUGH X3 WEEKS. DX: PAIN LEFT EAR

Age 27 · Male · Ear · Other · 2024

27 YOM WAS SCUBA DIVING THURSDAY AND WHEN COMING UP OUT OF WATER HAD PRESSURE AND PAIN IN R EAR. DX: NO DX, LEFT WITHOUT BEING SEEN.

Age 26 · Male · All Parts Body · Other · 2024

26YOM WAS SCUBA DIVING STATES HE WENT DOWN ABOUT 180 FT ON HIS DESCENT HE DEVELOPED SEVERE CHEST PAIN DX: DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS

Age 49 · Male · All Parts Body · Submersion · 2024

49YOM WAS SCUBA DIVING WHEN HE DOVE DOWN 160 FEET NOW HAS PAIN ALL OVER DX: DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS

Age 24 · Female · Head · Internal Injury · 2024

24YOF WAS DOING SCUBA RECERTIFICATION TODAY WEARING HEAVY EQUIPMENT. SHE WAS READY TO GET INTO THE WATER WHEN SHE FELT LIGHTHEADED AND PASSED OUT FALLING FACE FORWARD ONTO THE GROUND. HISTORY OF ANXIETY. DX: ABRASION FACE, LACERATION LIP, SYNCOPE, HEAD INJURY

Age 74 · Male · Upper Trunk · Other · 2024

74YOM STATES THAT HE RECENTLY BEGAN SCUBA DIVING AND HAS BEEN TAKING SWIMMING LESSONS AT THE POOL AND AFTER SWIMMING DEVELOPED SEVERE PAIN AND SORENESS IN CHEST DX: ACUTE CHEST PAIN; RULE OUT ACS

Age 46 · Female · All Parts Body · Other · 2024

46YOF WAS SCUBA DIVING WENT DOWN AFTER TWO DIVES ON THE SECOND DRIVE SHE DEVELOPED NUMBNESS IN FACE, HEADACHE, WEAKNESS DX:DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS

Age 23 · Female · All Parts Body · Submersion · 2024

23 YOF WAS SCUBA DIVING WHEN SHE BEGAN HAVING DIFFICULTY BREATHING. SHE REPORTS HAVING 2 DIVES TODAY. THE FIRST FOR 15 MINUTES AT 42 FT WITH AND HOUR AND 50 MINUTE SURFACE INTERVAL. THE SECOND FOR 15 MINUTES AT 58 FT. DX: IMMERSION PULMONARY EDEMA

Age 69 · Male · Ear · Other · 2024

69YOM WAS SCUBA DIVING IN THE GULF A FEW DAYS AGO NOW HAS PAIN IN BOTH EARS DX: OTITIS EXTERNAL

Age 43 · Male · Ear · Other · 2024

43YOM WAS DEEP SEA DIVING AND NOW HAS PAIN IN LEFT EAR DX: OTITIS EXTERNA

Age 43 · Male · Ear · Other · 2024

43 YOM C/O LEFT EAR PAIN WITH SWELLING AFTER GOING SCUBA DIVING, DX; OTITIS EXTERNA

Age 36 · Male · All Parts Body · Submersion · 2024

36 YOM IS A CERTIFIED SCUBA DIVER AND WAS SCUBA DIVING WITH FRIEND WHEN THEY DESCENDED TO 60FT, ASCENDED TO 8FT AND HE GAVE HE THE SIGNAL HE WAS GOOD TO SURFACE. HIS FRIEND WENT TO SURFACE, PT INITIALLY POPPED OUT OF THE WATER AND THEN DISAPPEARED. DX: ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE WITH HYPOXIA, CARDIAC ARREST, DROWNING

Consumer Incident Reports

Reports filed by consumers on SaferProducts.gov.

9/8/2016 · Incident, No Injury · OCEANIC MANUFACTURING · Cayman Islands

This BCD is dangerous and should be recalled. I just returned from a dive trip to Grand Cayman Island and used this BCD for the second time diving. On a previous trip to Bonaire last summer Aug 2015, I discovered that the BCD absorbs water into the padded areas and has no ability to drain. When you get to the boat to climb the ladder you find that you have and aditional 10lbs of weight from the accumulated water. I add some drain holes and hoped this would resolve the problem. Not .... I discovered more areas that water could enter and not get out. Now the bad water absorption issue is a problem but not as serious as the next issue. On my last trip I discovered that the air tank can pinch off the air bladder making it extremely difficult to achieve buoyancy when critically required. This BCD does not have a upper right shoulder dump valve so if the tank pinches off the bladder it is extremely difficult to quickly get the air out before shooting to the surface beyond your safety stop. the lower right dump valve can not be reached because the pull handle floats up out of reach. I consider this a serious problem ... hopefully no one gets hurt by this.

9/29/2017 · Incident, No Injury · Pelagic Pressure Systems · Texas

The incidents concern an Aeris A300 CS scuba diving computer. This computer has now failed in 3 separate incidents (in a potentially life-threatening manner) since I purchased it June 28, 2016. The first time (Sept. 2016), on changing the battery, all information concerning previous dives was erased, contrary to the statements in the manual that this information is remembered. This means the computer no longer has nitrogen saturation information which is used to determine allowable dive parameters such as how long one can safely stay at particular depths. The only remedy is to not dive for 24 hours, but even this may not fully account for this issue. I returned the unit for warranty service. At this time, Aeris had been merged with Oceanic (both companies were owned by American Underwater Products) and the merger announcement stated that all Aeris warranties were now honored by Oceanic and, indeed, they repaired the unit under warranty. The second and third incidents occurred about a year later (August 2017). Again, a battery issue caused the computer to lock up in the middle of a dive while I was at a depth of approximately 60 feet. The unit is supposed to give a "low battery" warning but in this case it simply died with no warning in the middle of a dive. Again, this is potentially life threatening since one relies on the logged information to safely ascend without risking decompression sickness (DCS). I determined that the problem was the battery had died, but with no warning. The third incident occurred a few days later and this time, the computer screen suddenly cracked in the middle of a dive (again at about 60 ft), carrying the same life threatening implications. The danger of both of these failures is compounded because the computer also indicates how much air is remaining in the tank. I returned the unit to the manufacturer but now, Oceanic has been purchased by another company (Huish) and they claim that they no longer warrant Aeris pro

9/26/2016 · Incident, No Injury · Aqua Lung · Turks and Caicos Islands

Aqualung BCD (Bouyancy Control Devices) contain a Powerline inflator that can get stuck, causing unchecked inflation and rapid ascent during scuba diving. This is under a voluntary recall. Divers Direct in Miami FL is selling these devices without notifying customers of the defect. They should have had them repaired or replaced as per the manufacturer's website. By continuing to sell these, they are endangering the life of their customers.

9/2/2013 · Incident, No Injury · Aqua Lung · Netherlands Antilles

When I tried in the water to remove the SureLock II rubber handle with weight pocket from my BCD, the handle broke off. I could not remove the weights. Once I managed to get back on the dive boat, four strong men, two pulling on each end, spent a couple of minutes attempting to remove the weight pocket. Back on the boat, I discovered the other weight pocket handle was almost completely broken in two, so both were defective. I was never contacted by Aqua Lung about the recall that occurred in March.

9/10/2024 · Incident, No Injury · Brownie's Third Lung · Florida

I have bought 2 new brownie third lung compressors one in august 2022 and one in august 2023 and both units failed in 13 months. Both units had the same failure and brownie would not do anything about it. The problem I had was in a recall in 2008 for the same failure. We dive with these compressors luckily no was injured.

9/10/2023 · No Incident, No Injury · CRESSI-SUB USA, INC. · Washington

My Cressi Leonardo dive computer failed twice after battery replacement. Once, immediately after changing the battery, then it eventually came back to life after sitting without a battery for a couple of weeks and allowing me to get to "Reset" in the menu. The second time was a couple of weeks ago - near the end of a dive, after having replaced the battery the night before, it froze when I tried to turn on the backlight to see the display. Malfunctioning after low battery/battery replacement turns out to be a known firmware issue (see [REDACTED]) and they have fixed it for some people, at least in Europe, it seems. Since my second experience happened during a dive, this makes it a safety issue - it could potentially lead to injury or death since a dive computer is essential survival gear while scuba diving. Luckily, I was at the end of the dive, in shallow water, so there was no harm. I have both posted in the [REDACTED] forum and sent a message to Cressi support and received no response.

8/8/2015 · Incident, No Injury · Aqua Lung · Hawaii

Brand new (just purchased) Agua Lung BCD Zuma. In an emergency situation needed to dump weights; on pouch could not be dumped because rubber pull handle separated from rest of pouch. Other pouch could be dumped so no injury occurred , upon inspection rubble pull handle had completely separated on one pouch, on other pouch was partially torn off. This was first use of BCD. Without the rubber pull handles the pouches are difficult to get unlatched even on the surface in controlled conditions; at depth in an emergency this would not have been possible. We narrowly averted a drowning. We are quite upset that we were sold a recalled product as we found out that this product had been recalled in 2014 but was still being sold retail.

8/29/2013 · Incident, No Injury · Aqua Lung · Unspecified

Caller purchased an Aqualung Axiom I3 Buoyancy Compensation Device (BCD), Serial number BB314183 on 01/13/2013. The BCD uses a weight packet retention system called “Surelock II”. The system attaches the packets to the BCD through the use of plastic tension clips. There is no redundant retention system such as a buckled strap of Velcro flap. During two recent dives he experienced a failure of this system. The weight packet self-detached and fell to the sea bottom. The complaint is that by not designing the system with a redundant retention system, Aqualung has provided a product that can cause an unexpected hazardous situation for a diver. When the diver loses a weight packet three things can happen: 1. The diver will suffer a rapid increase in buoyancy which can result in an unintended rapid descent from depth without allowing for a decompression and or safety stop as advocated by the Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI). 2. The diver will experience a shift of equipment on their body since they will have too much weight on one side of their body. 3. The diver will lose the ability to control their body attitude in the water. I have contacted the manufacturer. Their position is that the problem may have been due to improper installation by the user. While this is possible the underlying issue is that the product design would allow this to occur in the first place. Just as a vehicle provides redundancy to an occupant that they may not have properly fastened their seat belt (in the form of an audible and visual warning), so should this system have some type of back-up in case the retention system fails. The expectation of a vehicle occupant is that their seat belt will stay buckled during its intended use and so should the Surelock II system keep the weight attached to the BCD during its intended use. Attached are images of the product tag and purchase invoice:

Showing 8 of 43 reports.

Product Recalls

Search for active and past recalls related to scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) on the CPSC website.

Frequently Asked Questions

How dangerous are scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment)?

Based on 20 years of CPSC data, scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) have a danger score of 48/100 (moderate risk). An estimated 1,418 ER-treated injuries occur annually in the U.S. related to this product category.

What are the most common injuries from scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment)?

The most common injury is other to the ear, accounting for approximately 6,409 injuries over 20 years.

Are injuries from scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) increasing or decreasing?

Down 36% over 5 years.

Who is most at risk for scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) injuries?

The 35-44 age group accounts for the most injuries, with approximately 6,904 cases recorded over 20 years. Males are more frequently injured in this age group.

What happens when someone is injured by scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment)?

Of all ER visits involving scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment), approximately 16.5% result in hospital admission. The majority of patients (83.5%) are treated and released from the emergency department.

How can I report a safety problem with scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment)?

You can file a consumer incident report at SaferProducts.gov, the official CPSC reporting portal. Reports help the CPSC identify emerging hazards and trigger investigations or recalls. You can also call the CPSC hotline at 1-800-638-2772.

Safety Guides

What this means for you

Treat the 48/100 score as relative risk between products, not your personal odds of injury.

  • See where this category ranks against every other tracked product. Full rankings
  • Injuries cluster in the 35-44 age group, take extra care if that describes your household.
  • Check for active recalls on this product before you assume it is safe. CPSC recalls

NEISS estimates ER-treated injuries from a national probability sample of hospitals; they do not capture injuries treated elsewhere or not treated at all.

Data: CPSC National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) 2005–2024 and SaferProducts.gov consumer incident reports. Injury estimates are based on a nationally representative probability sample of U.S. hospital emergency departments. This page is for informational purposes only and is not affiliated with the CPSC.