Danger score versus ER volume
Danger score versus ER volume
According to CPSC NEISS 2005-2024, Scuba Diving (activity, Apparel Or Equipment) ranks #20 of 838 by danger score (48/100) at ER-volume #478 of 838 (1,418/yr). They are not the same ranking.
- #20
- danger rank of 838
- #478
- ER-volume rank of 838
- 48/100
- danger score
- 1,418/yr
- estimated ER visits (avg)
Danger score combines injury volume, hospitalization, fatality, and five-year trend. ER volume is the average annual NEISS estimate alone. Rank 1 is highest on each list.
Where this category's danger score sits nationally
Danger score (48/100) across 838 scored CPSC product categories
48 Higher than most more dangerous than 97% of 838 product categories
scored CPSC product categories, bucketed by value
Each bar is a band; taller bars hold more product categories. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count and share, and where it sits relative to this entry.
Source CPSC NEISS, PlainSafety danger-score model · 2024
Composite verdict
Composite Safety Score: 63/100
One verdict blending 4 independently-sourced dimensions from two separate CPSC systems, each benchmarked against all 838 scored product categories by percentile rather than raw value, so no single huge-volume category can dominate the scale.
| Dimension | Value | National percentile | Weight applied | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Injury severity (hospitalization + fatality blend) | 31 | 100th | 35% | CPSC NEISS 20-year severity index |
| Annual ER injury volume | 1,418 | 39th | 30% | CPSC NEISS estimated annual ER-treated injuries |
| 5-year injury trend | -36% | 16th | 15% | CPSC NEISS 5-year % change in ER-treated injuries |
| Consumer incident reports | 43 | 70th | 20% | CPSC SaferProducts.gov public incident report count |
Methodology: each dimension is ranked against the full population's p10/p25/p50/p75/p90 breakpoints and interpolated to a 0-100 percentile; the composite is the weighted average of available percentiles. See methodology for the full benchmark table.
Where 28,352 estimated ER injuries land on the body
Body-part shares from the same CPSC NEISS injury_types extract for product code 1275. Segments sum to 28,352 - a body-map mix, not a danger score or ER-volume rank.
Two danger lenses
Same-group peer scores and this product's dial
The bars compare PlainSafety danger scores inside the Sports & Recreation Equipment group (same CPSC NEISS extract). The dial is this product's score alone on the Low/Moderate/High bands. Do not read a peer bar as an ER-visit count.
Sports & Recreation Equipment danger scores
How this 48/100 score is built
The score is computed from four CPSC-derived factors for scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) - no opinion, no editorializing:
- Injury volume 1,418 ER visits/yr Below median volume
- Severity (hospitalization rate) 16.5% Very high admission rate
- Fatality rate 1.46% Elevated fatality rate
- 5-year trend-36%
Band labels compare this category against the corpus of 838 scored CPSC product categories, see the full methodology for the exact weighting of each factor.
What the CPSC Data Shows
Across the 20-year NEISS window from 2005 to 2024, injury counts for scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) are declining by about 36% over the last five years, with the busiest year on record being 2015 (2,052 estimated ER visits) and the quietest 2011 (587 estimated visits). The single most common ER diagnosis is other to the ear, accounting for approximately 6,409 visits across the 20-year NEISS window, followed by other to the all parts body (4,497 cases). The 35-44 age group absorbs the largest share of injuries, about 6,904 cases over the NEISS window, and males appear slightly more often than the opposite sex in that cohort. Severity outcomes from the NEISS disposition field show that 16.5% of ER visits involving this product end in hospital admission or transfer, and a small fraction (1.46%) result in fatality.
Beyond the hospital-sampled NEISS projections, this page also aggregates 43 consumer incident reports filed directly on SaferProducts.gov, plus 20 anonymized ER narratives - together forming a layered picture of how scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) fail in real households. Every figure on this page comes from CPSC-published data: NEISS projects national estimates from a probability sample of about 100 U.S. hospital emergency departments, while SaferProducts.gov collects voluntary reports from consumers, manufacturers, and clinicians. The danger score, trend indicators, and demographic breakdowns update automatically when CPSC releases a new yearly NEISS file, which is why this page is dated 2024-12-31. For regulatory context, consult CPSC recall notices and the SaferProducts.gov public database linked below.
Annual Injury Estimates (2005–2024)
Source: CPSC NEISS national estimates Injuries represent ER-treated cases only
Who Gets Injured?
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-4 | 206 | 5 | |
| 5-14 | 1,028 | 268 | |
| 15-24 | 3,314 | 1,368 | |
| 25-34 | 3,948 | 1,381 | |
| 35-44 | 5,269 | 1,635 | |
| 45-54 | 3,881 | 1,222 | |
| 55-64 | 2,362 | 870 | |
| 65-74 | 775 | 422 | |
| 75+ | 397 | 0 |
Most Common Injuries
| Body Part | Diagnosis | Est. Injuries |
|---|---|---|
| Ear | Other | |
| All Parts Body | Other | |
| Upper Trunk | Other | |
| All Parts Body | Submersion | |
| Ear | Internal Injury | |
| Head | Other | |
| Foot | Laceration | |
| Lower Trunk | Strain, Sprain | |
| Face | Laceration | |
| Eyeball | Other | |
| Finger | Other | |
| Lower Leg | Laceration | |
| Finger | Laceration | |
| Lower Leg | Other | |
| Not Stated/unk | Other |
Severity Breakdown
ER Visit Narratives
Real anonymized emergency room reports from the CPSC NEISS database.
46YOM WENT SCALLOPING/DIVING AND GOT A LOT OF WATER IN HIS EAR. ENDORSES LEFT EAR DRAINAGE AND DIZZINESS X1 WEEK AND COUGH X3 WEEKS. DX: PAIN LEFT EAR
27 YOM WAS SCUBA DIVING THURSDAY AND WHEN COMING UP OUT OF WATER HAD PRESSURE AND PAIN IN R EAR. DX: NO DX, LEFT WITHOUT BEING SEEN.
26YOM WAS SCUBA DIVING STATES HE WENT DOWN ABOUT 180 FT ON HIS DESCENT HE DEVELOPED SEVERE CHEST PAIN DX: DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS
49YOM WAS SCUBA DIVING WHEN HE DOVE DOWN 160 FEET NOW HAS PAIN ALL OVER DX: DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS
24YOF WAS DOING SCUBA RECERTIFICATION TODAY WEARING HEAVY EQUIPMENT. SHE WAS READY TO GET INTO THE WATER WHEN SHE FELT LIGHTHEADED AND PASSED OUT FALLING FACE FORWARD ONTO THE GROUND. HISTORY OF ANXIETY. DX: ABRASION FACE, LACERATION LIP, SYNCOPE, HEAD INJURY
74YOM STATES THAT HE RECENTLY BEGAN SCUBA DIVING AND HAS BEEN TAKING SWIMMING LESSONS AT THE POOL AND AFTER SWIMMING DEVELOPED SEVERE PAIN AND SORENESS IN CHEST DX: ACUTE CHEST PAIN; RULE OUT ACS
46YOF WAS SCUBA DIVING WENT DOWN AFTER TWO DIVES ON THE SECOND DRIVE SHE DEVELOPED NUMBNESS IN FACE, HEADACHE, WEAKNESS DX:DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS
23 YOF WAS SCUBA DIVING WHEN SHE BEGAN HAVING DIFFICULTY BREATHING. SHE REPORTS HAVING 2 DIVES TODAY. THE FIRST FOR 15 MINUTES AT 42 FT WITH AND HOUR AND 50 MINUTE SURFACE INTERVAL. THE SECOND FOR 15 MINUTES AT 58 FT. DX: IMMERSION PULMONARY EDEMA
69YOM WAS SCUBA DIVING IN THE GULF A FEW DAYS AGO NOW HAS PAIN IN BOTH EARS DX: OTITIS EXTERNAL
43YOM WAS DEEP SEA DIVING AND NOW HAS PAIN IN LEFT EAR DX: OTITIS EXTERNA
43 YOM C/O LEFT EAR PAIN WITH SWELLING AFTER GOING SCUBA DIVING, DX; OTITIS EXTERNA
36 YOM IS A CERTIFIED SCUBA DIVER AND WAS SCUBA DIVING WITH FRIEND WHEN THEY DESCENDED TO 60FT, ASCENDED TO 8FT AND HE GAVE HE THE SIGNAL HE WAS GOOD TO SURFACE. HIS FRIEND WENT TO SURFACE, PT INITIALLY POPPED OUT OF THE WATER AND THEN DISAPPEARED. DX: ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE WITH HYPOXIA, CARDIAC ARREST, DROWNING
Consumer Incident Reports
Reports filed by consumers on SaferProducts.gov.
This BCD is dangerous and should be recalled. I just returned from a dive trip to Grand Cayman Island and used this BCD for the second time diving. On a previous trip to Bonaire last summer Aug 2015, I discovered that the BCD absorbs water into the padded areas and has no ability to drain. When you get to the boat to climb the ladder you find that you have and aditional 10lbs of weight from the accumulated water. I add some drain holes and hoped this would resolve the problem. Not .... I discovered more areas that water could enter and not get out. Now the bad water absorption issue is a problem but not as serious as the next issue. On my last trip I discovered that the air tank can pinch off the air bladder making it extremely difficult to achieve buoyancy when critically required. This BCD does not have a upper right shoulder dump valve so if the tank pinches off the bladder it is extremely difficult to quickly get the air out before shooting to the surface beyond your safety stop. the lower right dump valve can not be reached because the pull handle floats up out of reach. I consider this a serious problem ... hopefully no one gets hurt by this.
The incidents concern an Aeris A300 CS scuba diving computer. This computer has now failed in 3 separate incidents (in a potentially life-threatening manner) since I purchased it June 28, 2016. The first time (Sept. 2016), on changing the battery, all information concerning previous dives was erased, contrary to the statements in the manual that this information is remembered. This means the computer no longer has nitrogen saturation information which is used to determine allowable dive parameters such as how long one can safely stay at particular depths. The only remedy is to not dive for 24 hours, but even this may not fully account for this issue. I returned the unit for warranty service. At this time, Aeris had been merged with Oceanic (both companies were owned by American Underwater Products) and the merger announcement stated that all Aeris warranties were now honored by Oceanic and, indeed, they repaired the unit under warranty. The second and third incidents occurred about a year later (August 2017). Again, a battery issue caused the computer to lock up in the middle of a dive while I was at a depth of approximately 60 feet. The unit is supposed to give a "low battery" warning but in this case it simply died with no warning in the middle of a dive. Again, this is potentially life threatening since one relies on the logged information to safely ascend without risking decompression sickness (DCS). I determined that the problem was the battery had died, but with no warning. The third incident occurred a few days later and this time, the computer screen suddenly cracked in the middle of a dive (again at about 60 ft), carrying the same life threatening implications. The danger of both of these failures is compounded because the computer also indicates how much air is remaining in the tank. I returned the unit to the manufacturer but now, Oceanic has been purchased by another company (Huish) and they claim that they no longer warrant Aeris pro
Aqualung BCD (Bouyancy Control Devices) contain a Powerline inflator that can get stuck, causing unchecked inflation and rapid ascent during scuba diving. This is under a voluntary recall. Divers Direct in Miami FL is selling these devices without notifying customers of the defect. They should have had them repaired or replaced as per the manufacturer's website. By continuing to sell these, they are endangering the life of their customers.
When I tried in the water to remove the SureLock II rubber handle with weight pocket from my BCD, the handle broke off. I could not remove the weights. Once I managed to get back on the dive boat, four strong men, two pulling on each end, spent a couple of minutes attempting to remove the weight pocket. Back on the boat, I discovered the other weight pocket handle was almost completely broken in two, so both were defective. I was never contacted by Aqua Lung about the recall that occurred in March.
I have bought 2 new brownie third lung compressors one in august 2022 and one in august 2023 and both units failed in 13 months. Both units had the same failure and brownie would not do anything about it. The problem I had was in a recall in 2008 for the same failure. We dive with these compressors luckily no was injured.
My Cressi Leonardo dive computer failed twice after battery replacement. Once, immediately after changing the battery, then it eventually came back to life after sitting without a battery for a couple of weeks and allowing me to get to "Reset" in the menu. The second time was a couple of weeks ago - near the end of a dive, after having replaced the battery the night before, it froze when I tried to turn on the backlight to see the display. Malfunctioning after low battery/battery replacement turns out to be a known firmware issue (see [REDACTED]) and they have fixed it for some people, at least in Europe, it seems. Since my second experience happened during a dive, this makes it a safety issue - it could potentially lead to injury or death since a dive computer is essential survival gear while scuba diving. Luckily, I was at the end of the dive, in shallow water, so there was no harm. I have both posted in the [REDACTED] forum and sent a message to Cressi support and received no response.
Brand new (just purchased) Agua Lung BCD Zuma. In an emergency situation needed to dump weights; on pouch could not be dumped because rubber pull handle separated from rest of pouch. Other pouch could be dumped so no injury occurred , upon inspection rubble pull handle had completely separated on one pouch, on other pouch was partially torn off. This was first use of BCD. Without the rubber pull handles the pouches are difficult to get unlatched even on the surface in controlled conditions; at depth in an emergency this would not have been possible. We narrowly averted a drowning. We are quite upset that we were sold a recalled product as we found out that this product had been recalled in 2014 but was still being sold retail.
Caller purchased an Aqualung Axiom I3 Buoyancy Compensation Device (BCD), Serial number BB314183 on 01/13/2013. The BCD uses a weight packet retention system called Surelock II. The system attaches the packets to the BCD through the use of plastic tension clips. There is no redundant retention system such as a buckled strap of Velcro flap. During two recent dives he experienced a failure of this system. The weight packet self-detached and fell to the sea bottom. The complaint is that by not designing the system with a redundant retention system, Aqualung has provided a product that can cause an unexpected hazardous situation for a diver. When the diver loses a weight packet three things can happen: 1. The diver will suffer a rapid increase in buoyancy which can result in an unintended rapid descent from depth without allowing for a decompression and or safety stop as advocated by the Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI). 2. The diver will experience a shift of equipment on their body since they will have too much weight on one side of their body. 3. The diver will lose the ability to control their body attitude in the water. I have contacted the manufacturer. Their position is that the problem may have been due to improper installation by the user. While this is possible the underlying issue is that the product design would allow this to occur in the first place. Just as a vehicle provides redundancy to an occupant that they may not have properly fastened their seat belt (in the form of an audible and visual warning), so should this system have some type of back-up in case the retention system fails. The expectation of a vehicle occupant is that their seat belt will stay buckled during its intended use and so should the Surelock II system keep the weight attached to the BCD during its intended use. Attached are images of the product tag and purchase invoice:
Showing 8 of 43 reports.
Product Recalls
Search for active and past recalls related to scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) on the CPSC website.
Compare beyond Sports & Recreation Equipment
Nationwide peers by danger score, ER volume & hospitalization
Three PlainSafety-derived comparison paths for Scuba Diving (activity, Apparel Or Equipment): cross-group products nearest on danger score (48/100), estimated annual ER visits (1,418/yr), and hospitalization share (16.5%). Same-group neighbours stay in Related Products above.
Similar danger score
Nearest cross-group products by PlainSafety danger score (100-point scale).
Similar ER visit volume
Nearest cross-group products by NEISS estimated annual ER visits.
Similar hospitalization rate
Nearest cross-group products by % of NEISS ER visits resulting in hospital admission.
- All Terr. Veh. (more Than 4 Wheels; Exclusively Off-rd. Sports Protective Equipment & Gear 16.6%admitted
- Electric Power-assisted Pedal Bicycles Swimming, Water & Beach Equipment 16.4%admitted
- Coins Personal Care & Safety Products 16.4%admitted
- Propane, Lp Or Butane Gas Tanks Or Fittings Laundry & Household Appliances 16.4%admitted
Related Products in Sports & Recreation Equipment
Read with this product
About this data
CPSC National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) 2005–2024 and SaferProducts.gov consumer incident reports form the basis of this page. Injury estimates are based on a nationally representative probability sample of U.S. hospital emergency departments.
According to PlainSafety's CPSC NEISS corpus ranking, Scuba Diving (activity, Apparel Or Equipment) ranks #20 of 838 scored CPSC product categories by PlainSafety danger score and #478 of 838 by 20-year estimated ER injury volume.
Frequently Asked Questions
Where does scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) rank on danger score versus ER volume?
Among 838 scored CPSC product categories, scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) ranks #20 by PlainSafety danger score (48/100) and #478 by 20-year estimated ER injury volume (1,418/yr). The two rankings come from the same NEISS extract and are not the same order.
What are the most common injuries from scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment)?
The most common injury is other to the ear, accounting for approximately 6,409 injuries over 20 years.
Are injuries from scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) increasing or decreasing?
Down 36% over 5 years.
Who is most at risk for scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment) injuries?
The 35-44 age group accounts for the most injuries, with approximately 6,904 cases recorded over 20 years. Males are more frequently injured in this age group.
What happens when someone is injured by scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment)?
Of all ER visits involving scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment), approximately 16.5% result in hospital admission. The majority of patients (83.5%) are treated and released from the emergency department.
How can I report a safety problem with scuba diving (activity, apparel or equipment)?
You can file a consumer incident report at SaferProducts.gov, the official CPSC reporting portal. Reports help the CPSC identify emerging hazards and trigger investigations or recalls. You can also call the CPSC hotline at 1-800-638-2772.
PlainSafety is rendered directly from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission recall and incident records, no number is typed in by an editor. Product recall timelines and hazard labels are drawn from CPSC recall records for this product. See our editorial standards & corrections policy, the methodology behind these numbers, or report a data error. Data current as of August 2026.