29
CPSC NEISS Data 2005–2024

Drinking Fountains

Twenty years of CPSC NEISS emergency-room records for this consumer product category, combined with demographic breakdowns, multi-year injury trends, and matching recall notices.

Laundry & Household Appliances · CPSC Code 136

Down 58% over 5 years

The verdict

Drinking Fountains carry a danger score of 29/100 (low risk), driven by roughly 1,299 ER-treated injuries a year that are declining by about 58% over the last five years.

29/100
danger score (low risk)
1,299
ER visits per year (avg)
4.7%
end in hospital admission
5-14
most-injured age group

Every figure is rendered from the CPSC NEISS record for product code 136 - last data year 2024.

PlainSafety danger score

0/100100/10029/100
PlainSafety danger score

Source: CPSC NEISS danger-score model As of 2024

How this 29/100 score is built

The score is computed from four CPSC-derived factors for drinking fountains - no opinion, no editorializing:

  • Injury volume1,299 ER visits/yr
  • Severity (hospitalization rate)4.7%
  • Fatality rate0.00%
  • 5-year trend-58%

See the full methodology for the exact weighting of each factor.

What the CPSC Data Shows

Drinking Fountains (CPSC product code 136, in the Laundry & Household Appliances category) generate an estimated 1,299 emergency-room visits every year in the United States, adding up to roughly 25,982 ER-treated injuries across the 20-year span from 2005 to 2024. PlainSafety derives a danger score of 29/100 for this category (low risk), combining raw injury volume, demographic reach, severity of outcome, and multi-year trend. The five-year trajectory shows that injury counts are declining by about 58% over the last five years, with the busiest year on record being 2018 (2,091 estimated ER visits) and the quietest 2021 (474 estimated visits).

The single most common ER diagnosis for drinking fountains is laceration to the face, accounting for approximately 4,482 visits across the 20-year NEISS window, followed by internal injury to the head (3,652 cases). The 5-14 age group absorbs the largest share of injuries, about 9,596 cases over the NEISS window, and males appear slightly more often than the opposite sex in that cohort. Severity outcomes from the NEISS disposition field show that 4.7% of ER visits involving this product end in hospital admission or transfer.

Beyond the hospital-sampled NEISS projections, this page also aggregates 37 consumer incident reports filed directly on SaferProducts.gov, plus 20 anonymized ER narratives - together forming a layered picture of how drinking fountains fail in real households. Every figure on this page comes from CPSC-published data: NEISS projects national estimates from a probability sample of about 100 U.S. hospital emergency departments, while SaferProducts.gov collects voluntary reports from consumers, manufacturers, and clinicians. The danger score, trend indicators, and demographic breakdowns update automatically when CPSC releases a new yearly NEISS file, which is why this page is dated 2024-12-31. For regulatory context, consult CPSC recall notices and the SaferProducts.gov public database linked below.

1,299
Injuries / Year
4.7%
Hospitalization Rate
0.00%
Fatality Rate

Annual Injury Estimates (2005–2024)

05001K2K2K3K 20052008201120142017202020232024 669
Estimated annual emergency-room visits for Drinking Fountains, CPSC NEISS

Source: CPSC NEISS national injury estimates As of 2024

Source: CPSC NEISS national estimates CPSC NEISS national estimates Injuries represent ER-treated cases only

Who Gets Injured?

Age Group Male Female Total
0-4 2,665 1,537 4,202
5-14 6,337 3,259 9,596
15-24 1,852 803 2,655
25-34 1,671 662 2,333
35-44 1,014 602 1,616
45-54 572 687 1,259
55-64 730 991 1,721
65-74 342 506 848
75+ 653 1,094 1,747

Most Common Injuries

Body Part Diagnosis Est. Injuries
Face Laceration 4,482
Head Internal Injury 3,652
Finger Laceration 1,319
Lower Trunk Strain, Sprain 1,253
Mouth Laceration 1,066
Face Contusions, Abr. 1,029
Head Concussion 866
Head Laceration 845
Head Contusions, Abr. 838
Hand Laceration 566
Upper Trunk Contusions, Abr. 419
All Parts Body Electric Shock 369
Lower Trunk Other 366
Finger Fracture 352
All Parts Body Poisoning 307

Severity Breakdown

Treated/examined And Released 94.4% (24,528)
Treated And Admitted/hospitalized 3.5% (914)
Left Without Being Seen 1.0% (259)
Treated And Transferred 0.7% (189)
Held For Observation 0.4% (99)

ER Visit Narratives

Real anonymized emergency room reports from the CPSC NEISS database.

Age 10 · Male · Knee · Other · 2024

10YOM IS WHEELCHAIR BOUND, WHILE AT SCHOOL FOOT BECAME STUCK IN CHAIR, ASSISTANT CAME TO HELP AND THEY ACCIDENTALLY HIT CONTROLLER ON HIS POWER WHEELCHAIR AND WHEELCHAIR GOT AWAY FROM HIM AND HE WENT FORWARD INTO WATER FOUNTAIN, DX ACUTE KNEE PAIN

Age 7 · Male · Face · Contusions, Abr. · 2024

7YOM WAS RUNNING AND TRIPPED AND FELL STRIKING HE HEAD AGAINST A WATER FOUNTAIN DX: CONTUSION FOREHEAD

Age 4 · Female · Head · Internal Injury · 2024

4YOF, FELL AT SCHOOL AN HIT HEAD AGAINST WATER FOUNTAIN,DX:HEAD INJURY

Age 4 · Male · Head · Laceration · 2024

4YOM PATIENT WAS CROUCHING UNDERNEATH A WATER FOUNTAIN, HE HIT THE TOP OF HIS HEAD ON THE BOTTOM OF THE FOUNTAIN. HE SUSTAINED A LACERATION THAT WAS BLEEDING. DX: LACERATION OF HEAD

Age 31 · Female · Head · Internal Injury · 2024

31YOF WAS AT A RESTAURANT FILLING HER DRINK UP AT THE SELF-SERVE SODA FOUNTAIN WHEN A PIECE OF THE MACHINE FELL OFF ONTO HER HEAD DX: CLOSED HEAD INJURY

Age 48 · Female · Upper Trunk · Other · 2024

48YOF PATIENT STATES THAT SHE LIFTED A WATER COOLER BY ONLY BENDING AT THE WAIST AND LIFTING WITH HER BACK AND FELT PAIN IN HER BACK AND IT SHOT DOWN HER LEG. DX: BACK PAIN

Age 70 · Male · Face · Laceration · 2024

70YOM PRESENTS WITH FROM*** AFTER MECHANICAL FALL. PATIENT REPORTS THAT HE WAS AT A WATER COOLER, AND THERE WAS A WET PATCH ON THE FLOOR CAUSING HIM TO SLIP, FALL AND STRIKE HIS LEFT EYEBROW ON THE FLOOR. DID NOT LOSE CONSCIOUSNESS, NO HEADACHE, DIZZINESS, NAUSEA, VOMITING. SMALL SUB CENTIMETER SKIN TEAR TO LATERAL LEFT EYEBROW. DX: LACERATION OF SKIN ACCIDENT FALL

Age 32 · Male · Hand · Laceration · 2024

32YOM PRESENTS WITH THUMB LACERATION AFTER CUTTING IT ON A BROKEN GLASS. DX: LACERATION TO HAND

Age 13 · Male · Hand · Laceration · 2024

13YOM HAD A DISAGREEMENT WITH A CLASSMATE AT SCHOOL WHICH MADE HIM HAVE A VIOLENT OUTBURST, PUNCHING A METAL WATER FOUNTAIN DX: LACERATION OF RIGHT HAND, LACERATION OF RIGHT INDEX FINGER

Age 20 · Female · Lower Trunk · Other · 2024

20YOF PRESENTS WITH BACK PAIN, PT STATES 5 WEEKS AGO SHE WAS LIFTING A HEAVY WATER COOLER, AND SHE STRAINED HER BACK. SINCE THEN, SHE HAS HAD SEVERE LOWER BACK PAIN. DX: BACK PAIN

Age 26 · Male · Head · Internal Injury · 2024

26 YOM FELL AND HIT HIS HEAD ON THE BOTTOM OF A WATER FOUNTAIN. DX: CLOSED HEAD INJURY

Age 13 · Male · Finger · Laceration · 2024

13YOM CUT FINGER ON WATER FOUNTAIN AT SCHOOL. DX: FINGER LACERATION

Consumer Incident Reports

Reports filed by consumers on SaferProducts.gov.

9/5/2023 · Injury, Seen by Medical Professional · Primo Water Corporation · Oregon

Hello, I’m writing in hopes of getting assistance in what we need to do to make sure our concerns are appropriately resolved and most importantly the health and safety of other consumers with this product. L We have subscribed to Primo Water/ Sierra Springs service plan for a monthly fee that includes rental of their water dispenser and delivery of jugs of water every month. Our Primo Water/ Sierra Springs water cooler began leaking in the upper part of the unit the other day in addition to my wife noticing small white particles in the hot water when dispensed. Over the past year of being subscribed to the program my family has been noticing a plastic like taste in the water occasionally, but Primo Water/ Sierra Springs assured us it was normal and likely form the new jugs delivered. When I opened the cover to expose the area where the steam valve cover/ base are, I noticed the steam valve base with part number PLC-C150090 was full of water and leaking. After further inspection of the valve cover, the white plastic valve cover associated with the steam function was disintegrating and had completely eroded from the hinge it should have been attached too, likely causing the leak and a significant portion of the white valve cover had completely disintegrated, being dispensed in to hot drinking water from the jugs Primo Water/ Sierra Springs delivers. Based on the amount of disintegration, it’s obvious the valve cover has been falling apart for what appears to be a long time and likely since we’ve had product for the past year. My wife drinks hot tea every evening and she had been having shooting pain in her bladder and gut issues since we subscribed to Primo Water/ Sierra Springs program since May of 2022. During the past year she was so concerned about the consistent shooting pain in her bladder and gut issues that developed. My wife made a doctors appointment because she thought she had a bladder infection. The doctor ordered a full blood panel and lab work to p

9/21/2022 · Incident, No Injury · Primo Water Corporation · United States

We rent a Hot and Cold Water Cooler from Crystal Rock and it started a fire in our home We lost two pets in our house fire. Was devastating to loose them. This was a fire started in our home by a water we rent from Crystal Rock. We lost everything we owned and our whole house had to be gutted and rebuilt. This happened 11/27/2021 and we still are not in our home as of now 10/6/22. Our home sustained extreme damage and the loss of our two beloved pets is still extremely bad. You can contact me anytime.[REDACTED] [REDACTED]

9/14/2024 · Injury, First Aid Received by Non-Medical Professional · Primo Water Corporation · California

I was using my water dispenser Primo and I needed to move it and when I touch the back I got electrocuted or or I got a shock it was me that was using this product and as far as injury my arm tingled for a while due to when I touch the back Grill that plate when I was moving it

9/13/2016 · Incident, No Injury · CRYSTAL MOUNTAIN WATER COOLER CORP · Rhode Island

A freestanding hot/cold water dispenser operating in the arts & crafts activity room inside of a Rhode Island State hospital emitted smoke and flames, triggering the activation of a sprinkler and smoke alarms systems. The fire was extinguished by the sprinkler system before arrival of local fire department personnel. The fire damaged appliance was collected by the local fire department and a determination was made that the fire originated inside of the appliance and is electrical in nature. There were no injuries resulting from this incident.

8/24/2022 · Injury, Emergency Department Treatment Received · Primo Water Corporation · Texas

On Saturday, August 20, 2022 around 3pm, I entered a Kroger to refill plastic 5-gallon jugs with water at the Glacier water refill station on aisle 11. These jugs had water in them the week before and were used to holding water. The first jug filled up with five gallons just fine. The water stopped after each gallon, and I had to press the start button after what looked like a gallon (5x). As the second jug was filling up almost to the top, I looked over at my cart and then turned back to push the off button, when I heard a loud boom and saw that the bottom of the jug had exploded outward toward me. Both of my hands and wrists were impacted, and I held my left wrist with my right hand because it was bleeding and in a lot of pain. Water was all over the floor and the jug was missing its bottom. The Kroger shift manager [REDACTED] and the security staff helped keep customers away from me while my partner tried to calm me down and make sure I had all my fingers. The staff brought me some ice, and I spoke with [REDACTED] the pharmacist who said he used to work in the ER and thought if I was able to hold my wrist the way that I was that the wrist was not broken. We left the store and went to urgent care after giving our names and numbers to [REDACTED] and his boss [REDACTED]. Xrays showed that I did not have any broken bones, but had serious soft tissue contusions and sprains. I will be out of work for the next two weeks at least. I returned to the same Kroger on Monday, August 22, 2022 and the Glacier station was not marked as “Out of Order” or anything, even though the blue top pour spout was missing on the unit that was present on Saturday. I wanted to report this so the machine gets checked and no one else gets hurt. Thank you for anything you can see to do. The machine in this report had www.glacierwater.com on the side -- that site appears to no longer exist. I believe Primo operates most Glacier sites now: https://primowater.com/self-service-refill-wate

8/24/2011 · Injury, Hospital Admission · MTN PRODUCTS · Illinois

On Monday Morning July 25, 2011 around 10:20 am, my 2 year old daughter was at home when she burned her hand. My daughter was able to draw water despite the alleged child resistant safety-spigot. Her hand was scalded by the 175 degree water. She suffered third degree burns on her hand. Ice Mountain Direct's home delivery website advertises that the hot water safety-spigot is child resistant, but our daughter was able to draw water despite the alleged safety-spigot and dispense the water and burn her hand. We received no instructions or warnings about the water cooler or the unsafe hot water valve or that the hot water feature could be physically turned off. We believe Water Solutions/MTN Products manufactured the cooler. We believe the spigot is manufactured by Tomlinson. A disclaimer reads "Safety lock feature is no more than a deterrence to help prevent accidental use. Children are inquisitive and will eventually figure out how to work this faucet, therefore should be used on cold and room temperature only."

8/16/2011 · Incident, No Injury · WHIRLPOOL CORPORATION · Arizona

I purchased this model 2-3 years ago from Lowe's. This morning water started pouring out of the cooler from the inside and running out on the floor. I could hear the heating element and cooling compressor running as my 5 year old stood in the water puddle and pointing out the cooler was leaking. Unplugged it and move it outside. I checked the Lowe’s reviews and noticed there were 16 out of 35 (46%) reviews that mentioned leaking. It took a while to figure out what broke. The hot water tank is mounted to the bottom of the main water reservoir. The top threaded portion of the hot water tank is sealed to the bottom of the cold water reservoir with a compression fitting. When the nut inside the reservoir is tightened, it pulls the hot water tank up and compresses the seals. The threaded stem of the hot water tank sheared off just above the seals causing all of the water to stream out through the inside soaking the power cables. I don’t know what caused the other leaks mentioned in the reviews. The poor design of the tank compression fitting could lead to electrocution.

8/10/2011 · Injury, Emergency Department Treatment Received · DS WATERS · Florida

Crystal Springs 6750 Discovery Blvd. Mableton, Ga. 30126 Distributor: DS Waters of America Inc., of Atlanta, Ga. When installing a 5 gallon water bottle on the supplied water cooler there was no warning label. To release anti drip requires pushing down on a bottle that weighs 44 pounds. The container did not have a handle to assist in the install. The snap release required an addition push of 26 pounds to release plastic cap. This allowed injury to right middle finger when it was wedged at base of water bottle. Doctor X-ray finger determined it had a fracture and was unable to work on that day. This is a hazard that could have been avoided with proper warning sticker. Also the release cap required additional pressure to install bottle pushing the bottle down with 70 pounds. I believe the safety release was defective and required the bottle to be pushed on to the cooler.

Showing 8 of 37 reports.

Product Recalls

Search for active and past recalls related to drinking fountains on the CPSC website.

Frequently Asked Questions

How dangerous are drinking fountains?

Based on 20 years of CPSC data, drinking fountains have a danger score of 29/100 (low risk). An estimated 1,299 ER-treated injuries occur annually in the U.S. related to this product category.

What are the most common injuries from drinking fountains?

The most common injury is laceration to the face, accounting for approximately 4,482 injuries over 20 years.

Are injuries from drinking fountains increasing or decreasing?

Down 58% over 5 years.

Who is most at risk for drinking fountains injuries?

The 5-14 age group accounts for the most injuries, with approximately 9,596 cases recorded over 20 years. Males are more frequently injured in this age group.

What happens when someone is injured by drinking fountains?

Of all ER visits involving drinking fountains, approximately 4.7% result in hospital admission. The majority of patients (95.3%) are treated and released from the emergency department.

How can I report a safety problem with drinking fountains?

You can file a consumer incident report at SaferProducts.gov, the official CPSC reporting portal. Reports help the CPSC identify emerging hazards and trigger investigations or recalls. You can also call the CPSC hotline at 1-800-638-2772.

Safety Guides

What this means for you

Treat the 29/100 score as relative risk between products, not your personal odds of injury.

  • See where this category ranks against every other tracked product. Full rankings
  • Injuries cluster in the 5-14 age group, take extra care if that describes your household.
  • Check for active recalls on this product before you assume it is safe. CPSC recalls

NEISS estimates ER-treated injuries from a national probability sample of hospitals; they do not capture injuries treated elsewhere or not treated at all.

Data: CPSC National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) 2005–2024 and SaferProducts.gov consumer incident reports. Injury estimates are based on a nationally representative probability sample of U.S. hospital emergency departments. This page is for informational purposes only and is not affiliated with the CPSC.