Above-ground Swimming Pools (excl Portable Pools)
Twenty years of CPSC NEISS emergency-room records for this consumer product category, combined with demographic breakdowns, multi-year injury trends, and matching recall notices.
Sports Protective Equipment & Gear · CPSC Code 3221
Down 23% over 5 years
The verdict
Above-ground Swimming Pools (excl Portable Pools) carry a danger score of 44/100 (moderate risk), driven by roughly 1,695 ER-treated injuries a year that are declining by about 23% over the last five years.
- 44/100
- danger score (moderate risk)
- 1,695
- ER visits per year (avg)
- 8.5%
- end in hospital admission
- 5-14
- most-injured age group
Every figure is rendered from the CPSC NEISS record for product code 3221 - last data year 2024.
PlainSafety danger score
How this 44/100 score is built
The score is computed from four CPSC-derived factors for above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools) - no opinion, no editorializing:
- Injury volume1,695 ER visits/yr
- Severity (hospitalization rate)8.5%
- Fatality rate1.29%
- 5-year trend-23%
See the full methodology for the exact weighting of each factor.
What the CPSC Data Shows
Above-ground Swimming Pools (excl Portable Pools) (CPSC product code 3221, in the Sports Protective Equipment & Gear category) generate an estimated 1,695 emergency-room visits every year in the United States, adding up to roughly 33,894 ER-treated injuries across the 20-year span from 2005 to 2024. PlainSafety derives a danger score of 44/100 for this category (moderate risk), combining raw injury volume, demographic reach, severity of outcome, and multi-year trend. The five-year trajectory shows that injury counts are declining by about 23% over the last five years, with the busiest year on record being 2008 (2,892 estimated ER visits) and the quietest 2022 (929 estimated visits).
The single most common ER diagnosis for above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools) is submersion to the all parts body, accounting for approximately 2,497 visits across the 20-year NEISS window, followed by laceration to the face (1,980 cases). The 5-14 age group absorbs the largest share of injuries, about 10,874 cases over the NEISS window, and males appear slightly more often than the opposite sex in that cohort. Severity outcomes from the NEISS disposition field show that 8.5% of ER visits involving this product end in hospital admission or transfer, and a small fraction (1.29%) result in fatality.
Beyond the hospital-sampled NEISS projections, this page also aggregates 26 consumer incident reports filed directly on SaferProducts.gov, plus 20 anonymized ER narratives - together forming a layered picture of how above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools) fail in real households. Every figure on this page comes from CPSC-published data: NEISS projects national estimates from a probability sample of about 100 U.S. hospital emergency departments, while SaferProducts.gov collects voluntary reports from consumers, manufacturers, and clinicians. The danger score, trend indicators, and demographic breakdowns update automatically when CPSC releases a new yearly NEISS file, which is why this page is dated 2024-12-31. For regulatory context, consult CPSC recall notices and the SaferProducts.gov public database linked below.
Annual Injury Estimates (2005–2024)
Source: CPSC NEISS national estimates CPSC NEISS national estimates Injuries represent ER-treated cases only
Who Gets Injured?
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-4 | 3,192 | 2,265 | |
| 5-14 | 5,574 | 5,300 | |
| 15-24 | 2,376 | 1,182 | |
| 25-34 | 1,592 | 1,328 | |
| 35-44 | 1,999 | 1,979 | |
| 45-54 | 1,427 | 1,527 | |
| 55-64 | 1,019 | 1,212 | |
| 65-74 | 700 | 947 | |
| 75+ | 99 | 170 |
Most Common Injuries
| Body Part | Diagnosis | Est. Injuries |
|---|---|---|
| All Parts Body | Submersion | |
| Face | Laceration | |
| Head | Internal Injury | |
| Ear | Other | |
| Lower Trunk | Strain, Sprain | |
| Ankle | Strain, Sprain | |
| Head | Laceration | |
| Lower Arm | Fracture | |
| Head | Concussion | |
| Upper Trunk | Contusions, Abr. | |
| Lower Trunk | Other | |
| Neck | Strain, Sprain | |
| Lower Trunk | Contusions, Abr. | |
| Upper Trunk | Other | |
| Foot | Contusions, Abr. |
Severity Breakdown
ER Visit Narratives
Real anonymized emergency room reports from the CPSC NEISS database.
26YOF AT A PARTY HAD SEIZURE IN ABOVE GROUND POOL, WAS DRINKING +ETOH 213MG BAL DX ALCOHOL INTOXICATION
45YOF AT HOME ATTEMPTING TO CLIMB OUT OF ABOVE GROUND POOL, SLIPPED AND HIT HEAD AGAINST THE METAL LADDER POSSIBLE +LOC DX ACUTE BILATERAL MANDIBLE FRACTURE DENTAL INFECTION
65YOM FOUND AT BOTTOM OF ABOVE GROUND SWIMMING POOL HAD BEEN THERE FOR A PROLONGED PERIOD OF TIME DX:SUBMERSION DROWNING, DEATH
51YOF WAS GETTING OUT OF HER ABOVE GROUND SWIMMING POOL WHEN SHE LANDED ON THE POOL DECK LANDING ONTO RIGHT HIP DX:CONTUSION HIP
65YOF, FELL AT HOME, GRANDSON GETTING CLOSE TO ABOVE GROUND POOL, TRIED TO CATCH HIM & TRIPPED FALLING ON CEMENT, C/O PAIN RIGHT LOWER EXTREMITY, BRUISING RIGHT EYELID DX: RIGHT DISTAL FEMORAL FRACTURE, LEFT KNEE ABRASION, CONTUSION RIGHT EYELID
2YOF WAS CLIMBING THE OUTSIDE LADDER OF AN ABOVE GROUND SWIMMING POOL AND FELL ONTO RIGHT SHOULDER DX: FRACTURED CLAVICLE
47YOF FOR LEFT SIDE RIB PAIN, PT WAS CLEANING HER ABOVE GROUND POOL USING THE POOL VACUUM FRO THE PATIO & FELT A POP ON LEFT SIDE FROM RIB, PT HAS HX OF LEFT SIDE RIB FRACTURE & SAYS FELT LIKE SOMETHING MOVED DX LEFT SIDE CHEST WALL PAIN
56YOF TO ER FOR CONTUSION OF RIB X 4 DAYS, PT WAS CLEANING HER ABOVE GROUND POOL & PROPPED HER SELF UP ON SIDE TO CLEAN THE SKIMMER & PT FELT A POP IN RIGHT SIDE RIB, PT HAS CONTUSION DX CHEST TRAUMA, RIB CONTUSION RIGHT
7YOF WAS TRYING TO DO A FLIP INTO A POOL & HIT BACK OF HER HEAD ON A PC OF ALUMINUM EDGING OF THE POOL, PT HAS LACERATION TO BACK OF HEAD SCALP, NO LOC DX LACERATION OF SCALP
59YOF C/O FRACTURED KNEE S/P PT STATES SHE WAS STANDING ON THE SECOND TO TOP STEP OF A POOL LADDER WHEN THE LADDER BEGAN TO TIP OVER AS WAS NOT LOCKED IN PLACE. PT REPORTS SHE FELL INTO THE ABOVE GROUND POOL THAT HAD ABOUT 2 FEET OF WATER. DX: CLOSED FRACTURE OF LEFT KNEE
44YOF TO ER FOR LACERATION TO LEFT UPPER LEG, PT WAS TAKING DOWN A POOL & WAS CUT ON THE THIGH BY THE SHEET METAL SIDE OF THE POOL DX LACERATION OF LEFT THIGH
47YOF PRESENTS FROM HOME AFTER FALL WITH COMPLAINT OF FOOT PAIN. PATIENT STATES SHE WAS CLIMBING DOWN STAIRS OF AN ABOVE GROUND POOL WHEN SHE FELL BACKWARDS ONTO THE GROUND HITTING HER HEAD AND INJURING HER FOOT IN THE FALL. DX: FOOT PAIN
Consumer Incident Reports
Reports filed by consumers on SaferProducts.gov.
my son got on top of the straps that go over the aluminum stands and got his right food trapped, so we had to drained the pool in order to get my son safetly out but with the water pressure he just got a minor sprain at ankle.
48 inches and taller above-ground pools with compression straps running on the outside and over the vertical support legs The compression strap that surrounds the outside of the pool legs may create a foothold, allowing a child access to the pool, posing a drowning risk.
I have a 12x24x52 in Intex galvanized steel supported pool. One morning we heard a boom, we went outside to find our pool at blew out. It took a hard sided kiddie dog pool and literally folded it in half and forced it under our fence. Two container gardens I had going we're totally washed away plants and dirt. If I had been in the pool which I was the day before, I would have either been thrown out and against our fence or possibly drowned. Had anyone been on the outside of the fence they would have been thrown against the fence with the rush of so many gallons of water. We found objects that were in the pool and outside of the pool in disarray including the heavy duty ladder and pump and sand system. Thank goodness our dogs or not on the other side of the pool when it blew as they would have been injured as well. Upon the inspection we found several of the support pipes had literally rusted through and through. Thankfully no one was on the sidewalk because a mini flash flood occurred when the pool blew out.
Our 2.5 year old son climbed the side of our intex metal frame pool- without the use of anything but the pool itself- On these intex pools there is a band that runs about a foot off of the ground and our child used that as a step and climbed over the top of the pool and almost drowned- he was out of our sight for no more than 5 minutes max and there were other children outside- no one ever though our child could have climbed over our 4 ft pool. We kept the ladder about 50 feet away from the pool to ensure that he would not be able to climb in, however the design of this pool is not child friendly and the thought of these pools remaining in other families homes and posing such an immediate danger I felt that it was the only thing I could do but report it to anyone and everyone to try to get this problem known to parents and other consumers who have the same products.
On July 3, 2017, [REDACTED] was at a relative's house celebrating the 4th of July. There was an above ground pool and ladder designed and manufactured by Intex Recreation Corp. [REDACTED] used the ladder to gain access to the pool. While climbing the ladder, it began to give way, causing him to fall head first into the pool. [REDACTED] struck his head on the bottom of the pool. He sustained permanent injuries, including complete paralysis from the neck down.
I purchased an INTEX 18x52 ultra deluxe salt water metal frame pool which came with pool, ladder, hoses, pump, etc. on 05-08-2010. The ladder provided with the pool was correctly assembled and put to use in the saltwater pool. One June 8th, 2011 my wife and I were in the pool. When my wife attempted to get out of the pool, the ladder collapsed on one of the legs. Luckily, my wife only suffered a small cut and bruising on her leg. After much effort, I was finally able to get out of the pool myself by climbing over the wall of pool. I had to get a step ladder out of my shed in order to get my wife out of the pool. Upon inspection the pool ladder, it was determined the ladder had completely rusted through at one of the connection sleeves, causing the ladder to collapse. I contacted INTEX to advise of the incident in an attempt to prevent injuries and possible death to other consumers. If a child or adult were standing near the top of ladder during collapse, it could be fatal. I advised INTEX the metal ladder did not appear to be salt water resistant. It appears this is the same ladder and the same metal constuction used on the ladders provided with non-salt water pools. INTEX simply advised they appreciated the call, but the ladder was not under warranty. It appeas they have no intention of recalling the ladder, or changing the design. I am not writing to complain about the warranty issue, but out of concern that the ladder they are selling is not designed for use in saltwater and could cause serious injury or death. I still have the ladder in my possesion and offered to have INTEX inspect the ladder. The offer was declined.
My 18x48 pool legs bent while I full it up with water and the bottom floor is slippery no one was able to stand in it
We purchased a Summer Waves 24ft x 12ft x 52in Rectangle Above Ground Frame Swimming Pool Set in February of 2021. When we set up the pool for the summer (end of May) we found out the 90-day warranty (from date of purchase) was passed and the leaky filter pump would not be covered. However, after a season and a half of use (so a total of 4.5 months), the entire liner ripped even though it was installed on level ground and not overfilled (in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions). The instant release of 8000 gallons of water bent parts of the steel frame to 90-degree angles and if one of our kids had been in the pool, simply standing next to it, or even mowing (as they were planning to do that day), they would have been seriously injured by the force of this poor quality product or even killed. The manufacturer refuses to do anything about this poorly designed pool and further searches on seller websites and BBB.org are showing many more instances of this happening after only a season or a little more than a single season of use. This is an incredibly poorly designed and dangerous product and while I would recommend other consumers stay away from it, these pools should also not be allowed to be sold.
Showing 8 of 26 reports.
Product Recalls
Search for active and past recalls related to above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools) on the CPSC website.
Frequently Asked Questions
How dangerous are above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools)?
Based on 20 years of CPSC data, above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools) have a danger score of 44/100 (moderate risk). An estimated 1,695 ER-treated injuries occur annually in the U.S. related to this product category.
What are the most common injuries from above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools)?
The most common injury is submersion to the all parts body, accounting for approximately 2,497 injuries over 20 years.
Are injuries from above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools) increasing or decreasing?
Down 23% over 5 years.
Who is most at risk for above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools) injuries?
The 5-14 age group accounts for the most injuries, with approximately 10,874 cases recorded over 20 years. Males are more frequently injured in this age group.
What happens when someone is injured by above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools)?
Of all ER visits involving above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools), approximately 8.5% result in hospital admission. The majority of patients (91.5%) are treated and released from the emergency department.
How can I report a safety problem with above-ground swimming pools (excl portable pools)?
You can file a consumer incident report at SaferProducts.gov, the official CPSC reporting portal. Reports help the CPSC identify emerging hazards and trigger investigations or recalls. You can also call the CPSC hotline at 1-800-638-2772.
Related Products in Sports Protective Equipment & Gear
Safety Guides
What this means for you
Treat the 44/100 score as relative risk between products, not your personal odds of injury.
- See where this category ranks against every other tracked product. Full rankings
- Injuries cluster in the 5-14 age group, take extra care if that describes your household.
- Check for active recalls on this product before you assume it is safe. CPSC recalls
NEISS estimates ER-treated injuries from a national probability sample of hospitals; they do not capture injuries treated elsewhere or not treated at all.
Data: CPSC National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) 2005–2024 and SaferProducts.gov consumer incident reports. Injury estimates are based on a nationally representative probability sample of U.S. hospital emergency departments. This page is for informational purposes only and is not affiliated with the CPSC.
Read our methodology - how this data is sourced, scored, and verified.